Measurements of ionizing radiations and nuclear constants are widely used in industry, medicine, science, i.e.:

• for assurance of nuclear and radiation safety during the production of electrical energy at NPP;

• for finding the minerals by the methods of nuclear geophysics;

• in nuclear and physical methods of the analysis of substances;

• for research of quantum effects in physics of high energies and interaction of elementary particles;

• for diagnostics of diseases in medicine: at the control of radiation content of food, drinking water and air.

For assurance of the unity of measurements of characteristics of ionizing radiation and their sources in Ukraine there are created national primary standards:

• national primary standard of the unit of volume activity of radon-222;

• national primary standard of the unit of activity of radio nuclides;

• national primary standard of flow units and density of neutron flow;

• national primary standard of the units of absorbed and equivalent doses of neutron radiation;

• national primary standard of the unit of absorbed dose, power of absorbed dose of X-ray gamma radiations;

• national primary standard of the units of equivalent dose, the power of equivalent dose of X-ray and gamma radiations;

• national primary standard of the units of exposition dose, power of exposition dose of X-ray and gamma radiations;

• national primary standard of the units of volume activity of alpha-radiating aerosols;

• national primary standard of the units of volume activity of beta-radiating aerosols.

Metrological characteristics of primary standards of Ukraine are on the level of metrological characteristics of national standards of Russia, England and Germany. Therese is conducted international comparison of national primary standard of the unit of volume activity of radon-222 with the appropriate standard of Russia. Other standards are being prepared for comparisons with national standards of Germany and Russia within COOMET Projects.

National primary standards are stored in a special frame of nuclear and physical measurements of scientific and experimental production base of Liptsy of NSC “Institute of Metrology”. The frame of nuclear and physical measurements is equipped with the system of physical safety, system of radiation control and refers to the objects of restricted access.

For the storage and use of the sources of ionizing radiations, which are included into the national primary standards there are received the licensing documents: License of National Committee of nuclear regulation and Sanitary passport of Ministry of public health of Ukraine.